Diferentes percepções de sustentabilidade com base nos sistemas de certificaçã de edifícios: uma revisão

Gustavo Henrique Bruno Polli e Ana Margarida Vaz Duarte Oliveira e Sá

Resumo
O impacto adverso da construção sobre o meio ambiente contribuiu para o desenvolvimento do conceito de construção sustentável em todo o mundo. Com base nisso houve muitos sistemas de certificação desenvolvidos para fornecer à equipe do projeto uma estrutura para ajudar a alcançar um melhor desenvolvimento sustentável e para avaliar esses edifícios. Atualmente, diferentes países desenvolveram e estudaram extensivamente essessistemas de classificação, tendo sido, neste cenário, proposto vários indicadores de desenvolvimento sustentável. No entanto, estudos anteriores de outros autores apontam que esses sistemas apresentam negligência da valoração entre os eixos ambiental, social e econômico dos indicadores. Logo, este artigo buscou a percepção da sustentabilidade de diferentes países pela ótica dos seus sistemas de certificação, de forma a perceber o motivo dessa falta de ponderação entre os três eixos da sustentabilidade, bem como quais características cada uma influencia. Os resultados encontrados pela revisão bibliográfica demonstram que as diferentes valorações dos sistemas são em virtude de controlar problemas locais, como, por exemplo, o enfoque sobre o consumo de água pelo Green Star da Austrália, as características da estrutura com foco para clima tropical do Green Mark de Cingapura, e a grande valoração em fatores energéticos pelo LEED e BREEAM. Deste modo, apesar de todos os sistemas apontarem essas características em termos de indicadores de desempenho energético, o que aponta para um problema mundial atual, derivado das emissões causadas pelo consumo de energia e entre outros. Com base nisso é possível concluir que em muitos casos não há uma negligência em termos de valoração, mas sim uma necessidade perante os problemas atuais. Futuramente com o controle destes problemas, espera-se que novas atualizações dos sistemas de certificação de sustentabilidade valoração para outros aspectos, conforme a necessidade.

Palavras-chave
Sistemas de classificação de edifícios; Edifícios verdes; Sustentabilidade; GBRTs.

Abstract
Different perceptions of sustainability based on building certification systems: A review. The adverse impact of construction on the environment has contributed to the development of the concept of sustainable construction around the world. Based on this, many certification systems have been developed to provide the design team with a framework to help achieve better sustainable development and assess these buildings. Different countries have extensively produced and studied these rating systems, and various sustainable development indicators have been proposed in this scenario. However, previous studies by other authors point out that these systems present negligence of the valuation between the indicators’ environmental, social and economic axes. Therefore, this article sought to assess the perception of sustainability of different countries from the standpoint of their certification systems to understand the reason for this lack of weighting among the three axes of sustainability and which characteristics each one influences. The results found in the bibliographical review show that the different values of the systems are due to controlling local problems, such as the focus on water consumption by Australia's Green Star, the characteristics of the structure focused on the tropical climate of Singapore's Green Mark, and the high value placed on energy factors by LEED and BREEAM. Thus, all systems point to these characteristics in terms of energy performance indicators, which means a current global problem derived from emissions caused by energy consumption and others. Based on this, it is possible to conclude that there is no negligence in terms of valuation in many cases but a necessity in the face of the current problems. With the control of these problems, it is expected that new updates of the sustainability certification systems will value other aspects according to the need.

Keywords
Building rating systems; Green buildings; Sustainability; GBRTs.

DOI
10.21438/rbgas(2022)092216

Texto completo
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