Arsenic quantification techniques and ISO/IEC 17025 accreditation in Brazil

Jefferson Luiz Antunes Santos , Jader Galba Busato , Rodrigo de Almeida Heringer , Juscimar da Silva e Leonardo Barros Dobbss

Abstract
The importance of arsenic (As) quantification in environmental compartments is due to its risks to ecosystems and public health. There are reports of high concentrations of this metalloid in Brazil and technological differences between states are observed. The objective of this work was to present and discuss current scenarios of accreditation and compare the limit of quantification (LOQ) of As by analytical technique in Brazil. Data from accredited laboratories were collected on Inmetro website and in state metrological networks and then grouped and analyzed by state, matrix and analytical technique. There are large discrepancies between the number of laboratories per state and a good correlation with gross domestic product (GDP). Almost all laboratories have a LOQ less than the environmental limits. The observed list of techniques sorted from lowest to highest LOQ values is: for liquid samples ICP MS (inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry), ET AAS (electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry), HG AAS (hydride generation combined with atomic absorption spectrometry) or HG ICP OES (hydride generation combined with inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry) and UV VIS (visible ultraviolet spectroscopy); for solids samples HG ICP OES, ICP MS, HG AAS, ET AAS and FAAS (flame atomic absorption spectrometry); and for bioindicators ICP MS, HG ICP OES. Analysis of As species is accredited in only one laboratory, but does not include all species.

Keywords
Hydride generation; Environmental laboratories; Limit of detection; Spectrometry; Speciation; Chromatography.

Resumo
T&ecute;cnicas de quantificação de arsênico e acreditação ISO/IEC 17025 no Brasil. A importância da quantificação do arsênico (As) nos compartimentos ambientais deve-se aos riscos para os ecossistemas e para a sa&uoacute;de p&uoacute;blica. H´ relatos de altas concentrações desse metaloide no Brasil e diferenças tecnológicas entre estados são observadas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi apresentar e discutir os cen´rios atuais de acreditação e comparar o limite de quantificação (LOQ) de As pelas t&ecute;cnicas analíticas no Brasil. Os dados dos laboratórios credenciados foram coletados no site do Inmetro e nas redes metrológicas estaduais e, em seguida, agrupados e analisados por estado, matriz e t&ecute;cnica analítica. Existem grandes discrepâncias entre o n&uoacute;mero de laboratórios por estado e uma boa correlação com o produto interno bruto (PIB). Quase todos os laboratórios têm um LOQ menor que os limites ambientais. A lista observada de t&ecute;cnicas classificadas dos menores aos mais altos valores de LOQ &ecute;: para amostras líquidas ICP MS (espectrometria de massa de plasma indutivamente acoplado), ET AAS (espectrometria de absorção atômica eletrot&ecute;rmica), HG AAS (geração de hidreto combinada com espectrometria de absorção atômica) ou HG ICP OES (geração de hidreto combinado com espectrometria de emissão óptica de plasma acoplada indutivamente) e UV VIS (espectroscopia ultravioleta visível); para amostras de sólidos HG ICP OES, ICP MS, HG AAS, ET AAS e FAAS (espectrometria de absorção atômica por chama); e para bioindicadores ICP MS, HG ICP OES. A an´lise das esp&ecute;cies As &ecute; creditada em apenas um laboratório, mas não inclui todas as esp&ecute;cies.

Palavras-chave
Geração de hidreto; Laboratórios ambientais; Limite de detecção; Espectrometria; Especiação; Cromatografia.

DOI
10.21438/rbgas.061413

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