De espectadores impotentes a cogestores adaptativos: uma comunidade no Parque Estadual da Ilha do Cardoso (Cananeia, São Paulo, Brasil)

Barbara Schröter , Karla Sessin-Dilascio , Camila Jericó-Daminello , Claudia Sattler

Resumo
Comunidades que vivem em áreas de proteção integral vivenciam situações conflituosas. Neste artigo analisamos o estudo de caso da Comunidade de Marujá, do Parque Estadual da Ilha do Cardoso (PEIC) (Cananeia, São Paulo, Brasil) e demonstramos soluções práticas que podem ser aplicadas para outras áreas protegidas caracterizadas pelos mesmos conflitos. Baseado em entrevistas semiestruturadas, descrevemos o processo de 10 anos (1998 a 2008) em que a comunidade e o parque construíram sua relação. Procuramos entender como, durante este processo, a comunidade passou de espectador impotente para cogestores adaptativos. Nossos resultados mostram que a comunidade conseguiu desenvolver sua capacidade adaptativa só com a ajuda externa. A gestão do parque auxiliou neste processo por meio de mecanismos como a negociação participativa e deliberativa da tomada de decisão sobre as regras do parque através de um conselho, um plano de manejo participativo e a institucionalização da organização comunitária.

Palavras-chave
Áreas protegidas; Engajamento comunitário; Cogestão; Conflitos de uso de terra; Governança.

Abstract
From impotent spectators to adaptive cogestors: a community in the Parque Estadual da Ilha do Cardoso (Cananeia, São Paulo, Brazil). Communities which are living in protected areas are experiencing situations of conflict. In this article the case study of Marujá Community in Ilha do Cardoso State Park is analyzed and practical solutions are presented that may be applied in other protected areas which suffer from similar conflicts. Based on semi-structured in-depth interviews we describe the ten-year process (1998-2000) during which the community and the park built their relation. We try to understand how, during this process, the community passed from the state of a powerless spectator to an adaptive co-manager. Our results show that the community could develop their adaptive capacity only with external help. The park administration supported the process including mechanisms for participative and deliberative decision taking about the park rules in a council, a participative management plan and the institutionalization of the community organization.

Keywords
Protected areas; Community engagement; Co-management; Land use conflicts; Governance

DOI
10.21438/rbgas.050922

Texto completo
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