Quality characteristics of stored tomato fruit treated with two formulations of African black pepper

Grace O. Babarinde , Gabriel O. Adegoke , Rahman Akinoso , R. Adekanye Bosede

Abstract
Tomato Solanum lycopersicum L. (Solanales: Solanaceae) is highly perishable and requires postharvest treatment to extend its shelf life. Use of synthetic chemicals to control post-harvest loss in tomato has adverse effect on health and there is need to explore natural alternatives to chemical. Two formulations of African black pepper Piper guineense Schumach. (Piperales: Piperaceae), aqueous extract and essential oil, were evaluated as preservatives for Roma type tomato fruit. Tomato fruits were treated with different concentrations of aqueous extracts and undiluted essential oil and stored under refrigeration condition. Samples were taken at 5-days interval and analyzed for weight loss, total soluble solids and ascorbic acid. Total Viable Count (TVC) and total mould count (TMC) were determined. Chemical composition of essential oil was identified using gas chromatography-mass spectrometer. Percent weight loss (PWL) in aqueous extract-treated tomato (0.0%-0.68%) was lower than the control (0.3%-19.97%). The total soluble solid (brix) of samples in untreated fruit was lower than fruit treated with higher of P. guineense. Ascorbic acid contents were higher in aqueous extract-treated samples than the control. Essential oil-treated fruit had lower physiological weight loss TVC and TMC than the control. Twelve compounds were identified in P. guineense essential oil, the most of which were β-sesquiphellandrene (23.7%). The P. guineense aqueous extract or essential oil is recommended as a bio-rational preservative for postharvest storage of tomato.

Keywords
Piper guineense; Tomato; Aqueous extract; Essential oil; Post-harvest storage.

Resumo
Características de qualidade de frutos de tomate armazenados tratados com duas formulações de pimenta preta africana. O tomate Solanum lycopersicum L. (Solanales: Solanaceae) é altamente perecível e requer tratamento pós-colheita para estender seu prazo de validade. O uso de substâncias químicas sintéticas para controlar a perda pós-colheita em tomate tem efeito adverso sobre a saúde e há necessidade de explorar alternativas naturais às substâncias químicas. Duas formulações de pimenta preta africana Piper guineens Schumach. (Piperales: Piperaceae), extrato aquoso e óleo essencial, foram avaliadas como conservantes para o fruto de tomate tipo Roma. Frutos de tomateiro foram tratados com diferentes concentrações de extratos aquosos e óleo essencial não diluído e armazenados sob refrigeração. As amostras foram coletadas no intervalo de cinco dias e analisadas para perda de peso, sólidos solúveis totais e ácido ascórbico. Contagem Total Viável (CTV) e contagem total de moldes (TMC) foram determinados. A composição química do óleo essencial foi identificada usando espectrômetro de massa por cromatografia gasosa. A perda percentual de peso (PPP) no tomate tratado com extrato aquoso (0,0%-0,68%) foi menor do que no controle (0,3%-19,97%). O sólido solúvel total (brix) das amostras em frutos não tratados foi menor que os frutos tratados com maior teor de P. guineense. O conteúdo de ácido ascórbico foi maior em amostras tratadas com extrato aquoso do que o controle. Os frutos tratados com óleo essencial apresentaram menor perda de peso fisiológico, CTV e TMC do que o controle. Doze compostos foram identificados em óleo essencial de P. guineense, sendo a maior parte deles &beta-sesquipelenareno (23,7%). Recomenda-se o extrato aquoso de P. guineense ou óleo essencial como conservante bio-racional para o armazenamento pós-colheita de tomate.

Palavras-chave
Piper guineense; Tomate; Extrato aquoso; Óleo essencial; Estocagem pós-colheita.

DOI
10.21438/rbgas.050916

Texto completo
PDF

References
Abd Alla, M. A.; El-Sayed, H. Z.; Riad, S. E. Control of rhizopus rot disease of apricot fruits (Prunus armeniaca) by some plants volatiles aldehydes. Research Journal of Agriculture and Biological Sciences, v. 4, no. 5, p. 424-433, 2008. Available from: <http://www.aensiweb.net/AENSIWEB/rjabs/rjabs/2008/424-433.pdf>. Accessed on: Dec. 22, 2017.

Adegoke G. O.; Iwahashi H.; Komatsu Y.; Obuchi, K.; Iwahashi, Y. Inhibition of food spoilage yeasts and aflatoxigenic moulds by monoterpenes of the spice Aframomum danielli. Flavour and Fragrance Journal, v. 15, p. 147-150, 2000. https://doi.org/10.1002/1099-1026(200005/06)15:3<147::AID-FFJ883>3.0.CO;2-0

Adegoke, G. O.; Fasoyiro, S. B.; Skura, B. Control of microbial growth, browning and lipid oxidation by the spice; Aframomum danielli. European Food Research Technology, v. 211, p. 342-345, 2002. https://doi.org/10.1007/s002170000170

Adegoke, G. O.; Gopala Krishna, A. G. Extraction and identification of antioxidants from the spice Aframomum danielli. ??Journal of American Oil Chemical Society, v. 75, p. 1047-1052, 1998. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11746-998-0285-3

Ahmed, F. A.; Sipes, B. S.; Alvarez, A. M. Postharvest diseases of tomato and natural products for disease managements. African Journal of Agricultural Research, v. 12, p. 684-691, 2017. https://doi.org/10.5897/AJAR2017.12139

Akbudak, B.; Akbudak, N. Effects of hot water treatment and modified atmosphere packaging on the quality and cold storage life of cherry tomatoes. Journal of Food Science and Technology, v. 44, no. 2, p. 216-219, 2007.

Babarinde, G. O.; Adegoke, G. O. Effect of Xylopia aethiopica aqueous extract on antioxidant properties of refrigerated Roma tomato variety packaged in low density polyethylene bags. Journal of Food Science and Technology, v. 52, no. 3, p. 1790-1795, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13197-013-1157-x

Besong, E. E.; Balogun, M. E.; Djobissie, S. F. A.; Ogochukwu, S.; Mbamalu, O. S.; Obimma, J. N. A. Review of Piper guineense (African black pepper). International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Research, v. 6, no. 1, p. 368-384, 2016. Available from: <http://ijppr.humanjournals.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/34.Elizabeth-E.-Besong-Morufu-E.-Balogun-Serges-F.-A.-Djobissie-Ogochukwu-S.-Mbamalu-Jacinta-N.Obimma.pdf>. Accessed on: Dec. 22, 2017.

Bhowmilk, S. R.; Pan, J. C. Shelf life of mature green tomatoes stored in controlled atmosphere and high humidity. Journal of Food Science, v. 57, p. 948-953, 1992. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1992.tb14331.x

Collins, C. H.; Lyne, M.; Grage, J. M. Microbiological methods. 6. ed. London: Butter North, 1989.

Hassani, A.; Fathi, Z.; Ghosta, Y.; Abdollahi, A.; Meshkatalsadat, M. H.; Marandi, R. J. Evaluation of plant essential oils for control of postharvest brown and gray mold rots on apricot. Journal of Food Safety, v. 32, p. 94-101, 2012. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-4565.2011.00353.x

Idah, P. A.; Ajisegiri, E. S. A.; Yisa, M. G. Fruits and vegetables handling and transportation in Nigeria. AU Journal of Technology, v. 10, no. 3, p. 175-183, 2007. Available from: <http://www.journal.au.edu/au_techno/2007/jan07/vol10no3_article6.pdf>. Accessed on: Dec. 22, 2017.

Idah, P. A.; Yisa, M. G.; Chukwu O.; Morenikeji, O. O. Simulated transport damage study on fresh tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) fruits. Agricultural Engneering International, CIGR Journal, v. 14, no. 2, p. 1-14, 2012. Available from: <http://www.cigrjournal.org/index.php/Ejounral/article/view/2035/1595. Accessed on: Dec. 22, 2017.

Isack, M. E.; Lyimo, M. Effect of postharvest handling practices on physicochemical composition of tomato. International Journal of Vegetable Science, v. 21 no. 2, p. 118-127, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1080/19315260.2013.837134

Jałosińska, M.; Wilczak, J. Influence of plant extracts on the microbiological shelf life of meat products. Polish Journal of Food Nutrition and Science, v. 59, no. 4, p. 303-308, 2009. Available from: <http://journal.pan.olsztyn.pl/pdfy/2009/4/4.pdf>. Accessed on: Dec. 22, 2017.

Jirovetz, G.; Buchbauer, B.; Ngassoum, M. B.; Geissler, M. Aroma compound analysis of Piper nigrum and Piper guineense essential oils from Cameroon using solid-phase micro extraction-gas chromatography, solid-phase micro extraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and olfactometry. ?Journal of Chromatography, v. 976, no. 1/2, p. 265-275, 2002. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(02)00376-X

Katalinic, V.; Mozina, S. S.; Generalic, I.; Skroza, D.; Ljubenkov, I.; Klancnik, A. Phenolic profile, antioxidant capacity and antimicrobial activity of leaf extracts from six Vitis vinifera L. varieties. International Journal of Food Properties, v. 16, no. 1, p. 45-60, 2013. https://doi.org/10.1080/10942912.2010.526274

Kirk, R. S.; Sawyer R. Pearson's composition and analysis of foods. 9. ed. London: Longman Scientific and Technical, 1991.

Krisch J.; Tserennadmid R.; Vágvölgyi C. Essential oils against yeasts and moulds causing food spoilage. In: Vilas, A. M. (Ed.). Science against microbial pathogens: communicating current research and technological advances. Badajoz, Spain: Formatex Research Center, 2011. p. 1-8.

Leonardi, C.; Ambrosino, P.; Esposito, F.; Fogliano, V. Antioxidants activity and carotenoid and tomatine contents in different typologies of fresh consumption tomatoes. Journal of Agriculture and Food Chemistry, v. 48, p. 4723-4727, 2000. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf000225t

Maggi, F.; Cecchini, C.; Cresci, A.; Coman, M. M.; Tirillini, B.; Sagratini, G.; Papa, F. Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oil from Ferula glance L. (F. communis L. subsp. glanca) growing in Marche (Central Italy). Fitoterapia, v. 80, p. 68-72, 2009. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fitote.2008.10.001

Martins, A. P.; Salgueiro, L.; Vila, R.; Tomi, F.; Caniguerai, S.; Casanova, J.; Proença da Cunha, A.; Adzet, T. Essential oils from four Piper species. Phytochemistry, v. 49, no. 7, p. 2019-2023, 1998. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(98)00391-4

Mounika, T.; Reddy, N. N.; Lakshmi, N. J.; Joshi, V. Studies on the effect of post harvest treatments on shelf life and quality of mango [Mangifera indica L.] cv. Amrapali. Journal of Applied and Natural Science, v. 9, no. 4, p. 2055-2061, 2017. Available from: <https://journals.ansfoundation.org/index.php/jans/article/view/1488/1425>. Accessed on: Dec. 22, 2017.

Nasrin, T. A. A.; Molla, M. A.; Hossaen, M. A.; Alam, M. S.; Yasmin L. Effect of postharvest treatments on shelf life and quality of tomato. Bangladesh Journal of Agricultural Research, v. 33, p. 579-585, 2008. https://doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v33i4.2291

Negbenebor, C. A.; Godiya, A. A.; Igene, J. O. Evaluation of Clarias anguillains treated with spice (Piper guineense) for washed mice and kama book type product. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, v. 12, no. 4, p. 312-315, 1999. https://doi.org/10.1006/jfca.1999.0824

Okonkwo, E. U.; Okoye, W. I. The efficacy of four seed powders and the essential oils as protectants of cowpea and maize grains against infestation by Callosobruchus maculatus (Fabricus) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) and Sitophilus zeamais (Motschulsky) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in Nigeria. International Journal of Pest Management, v. 42, no. 2, p. 143-146, 1996. https://doi.org/10.1080/09670879609371985

Parveen, M.; Hassan, K.; Tkahashi, J.; Murata, Y.; Kitagawa E.; Kodama, O.; Iwahas, H. Response of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to a monoterpene: evaluation of antifungal potential by DNA microarray analysis. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, v. 54, p. 46-55, 2004. https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkh245>

Pila, N.; Gol, N. B.; Rao, T. V. R. Effect of postharvest treatments on physicochemical characteristics and shelf life of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill) fruits during storage. American-Eurasian Journal of Agriculture Environmental Science, v. 9, no. 5, p. 470-479, 2010. Available from: <http://idosi.org/aejaes/jaes9(5)/3.pdf>. Accessed on: Dec. 22, 2017.

Plotto, A.; Roberts, R. G.; Roberts, D. D. Evaluation of plant essential oils as natural post harvest disease control of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum). Acta Horticulturae, v. 628, p. 737-745, 2003. https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2003.628.93

Renhua, H.; Renxue, X.; Yunmel, L.; Liming, H.; Yongjie, X. Effect of pre-harvest salicylic acid spray treatment on postharvest antioxidant in the pulp and peel of 'Cara cara' navel orange. (Citrus sinenisis L. Osbeck). Journal of Science of Food and Agriculture, v. 8, p. 229-236, 2008. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.3076

Sammi, S.; Masud, T. Effect of different packaging systems on storage life and quality of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum var. Rio Grande) during different ripening stages. International Journal of Food Safety, v. 9, p. 37-44, 2007. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.2007.01649

Sancho, L. E.; Gayosso-García, Y.; Elhadi, M.; Martínez-Téllez, M. A.; González-Aguilar, G. A. Effect of maturity stage of papaya maradol on physiological and biochemical parameters. American Journal of Agriculture and Biological Science, v. 5, p. 194-203, 2010. https://doi.org/10.3844/ajabssp.2010.194.203

Senevirathna, P.; Daundasekera, W. Effect of postharvest calcium chloride vacuum infiltration on the shelf life and quality of Tomato (cv. 'thilina'). Ceyian Journal of Science (Biological Science), v. 39, no. 1, p. 35-44, 2010. https://doi.org/10.4038/cjsbs.v39i1.2351

SPSS - Statistical Package for Social Sciences. version 15.0 for windows. SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL. 2006.

Sudha, R.; Amutha, R.; Muthulaksmi, S.; Baby Rani, W.; Indira, K.; Mareeswari, P. Influence of pre and postharvest chemical treatments on physical characteristics of sapota (Achras sapota L.) var. PKM 1. Research Journal of Agriculture and Biological Sciences, v. 3, no. 5, p. 450-452, 2007. Available from: <http://www.aensiweb.net/AENSIWEB/rjabs/rjabs/2007/450-452.pdf>. Accessed on: Dec. 22, 2017.

Upaganlawar, A.; Gandhi, H.; Balaraman, J. Effect of vitamin E alone and in combination with lycopene on biochemical and histopathological alterations in isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction in rats. Journal of Pharmacology & Pharmacotherapy, v. 1, p. 24-31, 2010. https://doi.org/10.4103/0976-500X.64532


 

ISSN 2359-1412