Evaluación ecotoxicológica y fisicoquímica de la calidad del agua en el Río Pasto a través de un Índice Fuzzy de Calidad

Santiago Gómez Herrera , Félix David Rivera Madroñero , Sandra Milena Enríquez Delgado , Mario Alberto Jurado Eraso

Resumen
En los últimos años, los métodos basados en lógica difusa han demostrado ser apropiados para abordar la incertidumbre y la subjetividad en los problemas ambientales. En el presente estudio, se usó una prueba de fitotoxicidad utilizando semillas de Lactuca sativa y parámetros fisicoquímicos para evaluar la calidad del agua del Río Pasto (Colombia), actualmente contaminado por vertimiento industriales ligados al curtido de pieles animales, a través del Índice Fuzzy de Calidad del Agua. El modelo adaptado tuvo en cuenta parímetros como oxígeno disuelto, pH, demanda química de oxigeno, conductividad eléctrica, sólidos suspendidos totales y la concentración efectiva que inhiba el 50% de la germinación de las semillas (CE50). Los resultados arrojados por el software Matlab, muestran que la calidad del agua del Río Pasto presenta una tendencia a la baja y su estado general es Regular, concluyendo así que dichas aguas tienen un efecto toxicológico lo suficientemente nocivo para inhibir el desarrollo normal de Lactuca sativa.

Palabras clave
Evaluación de la calidad del agua; Índice fuzzy de calidad; Lactuca sativa; Aguas residuales industriales.

Abstract
Ecotoxicological and physicalchemical assessment of water quality in Pasto River based on Fuzzy Quality Index. In last years, the fuzzy logic indexes demonstrated to be proper to address uncertainty and subjectivity in environmental problems. In the present study, a phytotoxicity test using seeds of Lactuca sativa and physicochemical parameters were used to evaluate the water quality of Pasto River (Colombia), currently contaminated with leather tannery wastewater effluents, based on fuzzy water quality index. The adapted model considered parameters such as dissolved oxygen, ph, chemical oxygen demand, electrical conductivity, total suspended solids, and the effective concentration that inhibits 50% of seeds germination (EC50). The assessment results in Matlab software, show that Pasto River water quality presents a downward trend and the overall water quality is regular; concluding that the effluent has a harmful toxicological effect enough to inhibit the normal development of Lactuca sativa.

Keywords
Water quality assessment; Fuzzy Quality Index; Lactuca sativa; Industrial wastewater.

Resumo
Avaliação ecotoxicológica, física e química da qualidade da água do Rio Pasto através de um Índice Fuzzy de Qualidade. Nos últimos anos, os métodos baseados na lógica difusa tem demostrado serem apropiados para abordar a incerteza e a subjetividade nos problemas ambientais. No presente estudo, foi usado uma prova de fitotoxicidade utilizando sementes de Lactuca sativa e parâmetros físicos e químicos para avaliar a qualidade da água do Rio Pasto (Colômbia), atualmente contaminado por efluentes industriais ligados ao curtume de peles de animais, através do Índice Fuzzy de Qualidade da Água. O modelo adaptado levou em consideração parâmetros como oxigênio dissolvido, pH, demanda química de oxigênio, condutividade elétrica, sólidos totais e a concentração efetiva que iniba 50% da germinação de sementes (CE50). Os resultados obtidos pelo software Matlab mostram que a qualidade da água do Rio Pasto presenta uma tendência à baixa e seu estado geral é regular, concluindo-se assim que essas águas tem um efeito toxicológico suficientemente nocivo para inibir o desenvolvimento normal de Lactuca sativa.

Palavras-chave
Avaliação da qualidade da água; &Iaute;ndice Fuzzy. de Qualidade; Lactuca sativa; Águas residuais industriais.

DOI
10.21438/rbgas.051106

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