Métodos físicos e químicos para o tratamento de efluentes

Suéllen Tonatto Ferrazzo , Débora Ferasso , Marluci Marangoni , Mateus Velho dos Santos , Orlando de Paris Junior , Taís Carla Gaspareto , Gean Delise Leal Pasquali Vargas

Resumo
A busca por processos de tratamento de efluentes que sejam eficientes e garantam a segurança à saúde pública e ao meio ambiente tem sido um grande desafio nas últimas décadas, devido à presença de microrganismos persistentes e micropoluentes orgânicos e inorgânicos que resistem aos tratamentos convencionais. Assim, as tecnologias alternativas de tratamento de efluentes vêm sendo aplicadas em associação aos tratamentos primários e secundários, para alcançar maiores reduções da carga de poluentes, utilizando menor espaço físico e consumo de energia elétrica, bem como menor produção de lodo. Neste trabalho, buscou-se realizar um estudo da arte através de uma revisão dos métodos físicos e químicos para o tratamento de efluentes: membranas de filtração, eletrocoagulação, adsorção, troca iônica, processos oxidativos avançados, ozonização e precipitação química, considerando o princípio de funcionamento suas vantagens, desvantagens e aplicações de cada técnica.

Palavras-chave
Efluentes; Métodos físicos e químicos; Tecnologias alternativas.

Abstract
Physico-chemical methods for the treatment of effluents. The search for effluent treatment processes that are efficient and guarantee safety to public health and the environment has been a great challenge in the last decades due to the presence of persistent microorganisms and organic and inorganic micropollutants that resist conventional treatments. Thus, alternative technologies for effluent treatment have been applied in association with primary and secondary treatments, to achieve greater reductions in pollutant load, using less space and electrical energy consumption, as well as lower sludge production. In this work, a study of the art was made through a review of the physical-chemical methods for the treatment of effluents: filtration membranes, electrocoagulation, adsorption, ion exchange, advanced oxidative processes, ozonization and chemical precipitation, considering the principle of advantages, disadvantages and applications of each technique.

Keywords
Wastewater; Physical-chemical methods; Alternative technologies.

DOI
10.21438/rbgas.051103

Texto completo
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References
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