Gas chromatographic and antimicrobial analyses of phenolic compounds in Senna alata (L.) Roxb. (Fabales: Fabaceae)

Funmilayo Adelowo , Oluwole Oladeji

Abstract
This present work is aimed at determining the chemical components in Senna alata (L.) Roxb. (Fabales: Fabaceae), that contains a large array of phenolic compounds which make it useful as antifungal and antibacterial. Despite a notable success in the recent researches, yet, the quantification of the chemical components has not been actually specified. There is a claim by local people that S. alata can cure fungi and bacteria related diseases. Therefore, there is a need to ascertain this claim by examining the bioactive components present in the plant. The Gas Chromatography (GC) analysis was performed using a Clarus 500 Perkin Elmer gas chromatography equipped with an Elite-5 capillary column with the addition of an absolute alcohol. The antimicrobial analysis was carried out using Agar Disc Diffusion Method. In the GC chromatogram, four prominent peaks were observed in leaf chromatogram, three peaks in flower chromatogram and five peaks in fruit chromatogram, respectively. The flower contained the highest amount of cinnamic acid (52.91%) and the fruit contained the least (17.03%). The presence of some bioactive metabolites could be responsible for the observed antifungal and antibacterial activities on the susceptible organisms studied. It could be concluded that this plant is natural sources of antimicrobial substances of high importance and are useful in chemotherapy.

Keywords
Malnutrition; Dietary diversification; Proximate analysis; DPPH radical; Food security.

Resumo
Análises cromatográfica gasosa e antimicrobiana de compostos fenólicos em Senna alata (L.) Roxb. (Fabales: Fabaceae). O presente trabalho tem como objetivo determinar os componentes químicos em Senna alata (L.) Roxb. (Fabales: Fabaceae) que contém uma grande variedade de compostos fenólicos que a tornam útil como antifúngica e antibacteriana. Apesar do sucesso notável nas pesquisas recentes, contudo, a quantificação dos componentes químicos não foi realmente especificada. Há uma reivindicação por povos locais que a S. alata pode curar fungos e doenças relacionadas às bactérias. Portanto, há uma necessidade de verificar esta afirmação examinando os componentes bioativos presentes na planta. A análise cromatográfica gasosa (CG) foi realizada utilizando uma cromatografia de gases Clarus 500 Perkin Elmer equipada com uma coluna capilar Elite-5 com a adição de álcool absoluto. A análise antimicrobiana foi realizada utilizando o método disco-difusão. No cromatograma de CG, foram observados quatro picos proeminentes no cromatograma de folhas, três picos no cromatograma de flor e cinco picos no cromatograma de fruto, respectivamente. A flor continha a maior quantidade de ácido cinâmico (52,91%) e o fruto continha o mínimo (17,03%). A presença de alguns metabólitos bioativos poderia ser responsável pelas atividades antifúngica e antibacteriana observadas nos organismos susceptíveis estudados. Pode-se concluir que esta planta é fonte natural de substâncias antimicrobianas de alta importância e são úteis em quimioterapia.

Palavras-chave
Componentes bioativos; Cromatografia; Quimioterapia; Compostos fenólicos.

DOI
10.21438/rbgas.030609

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