Proximate, vitamin and mineral assays of an underutilised indigenous vegetable in West Africa Salvia elegans Vahl (Lamiales: Lamiaceae) in enhancing diet diversification.

Oluwole Oladeji , Tomilayo Amusan

Abstract
The main objective of this research is to explore the proximate, minerals and vitamin assays of Salvia elegans Vahl (Lamiales: Lamiaceae) with the aim of promoting their consumption. Proximate analysis was carried out following the method described by the Association of Official Analytical Chemist (AOAC). Minerals was analysed by atomic absorption spectrophotometer and vitamins are analysed using high performance liquid chromatography. The proximate analysis moisture content of (2.565 + 0.14), crude protein (24.24 + 0.13), crude fibre (6.67 + 0.03), ash (16.95 + 0.19), CHO (48.08 + 0.6 cru g/100 gDM, calcium (265.25 mg/kg), iron (245.4 mg/g), sodium (374.45 + 0.10 mg/100 g), magnesium (76.53 mg/100 g), copper (1.20 mg/100 g), potassium (199.53 mg/100 g), Zn (102.90 mg/100 g), manganese (4.95 mg/100 g). Also contain 7.98 mg of B1 (thiamine), 3.33 mg of riboflavin, 48.93 mg of niacin, ascorbic acid (252.02 mg/100 g), retinol (98.06 mg), cholecalciferol (8.64 mg) and tocopherols (10.97 mg). The consumption of S. elegans could complement other food sources in effecting positive impact of vitamins, fibres and minerals in supplementation on the growth of stunted children, building of bones, tissue formation and on the prevalence of disease such as typhoid, scurvy, and rickets. Therefore, the cultivation and consumption of the plant should be encouraged.

Keywords
Proximate analysis; Vitamins; Minerals; Human diet; Food security.

Resumo
Composição centesimal e análises vitamínicas e minerais de um vegetal nativo subutilizado na África Ocidental Salvia elegans Vahl (Lamiales: Lamiaceae) para a melhoria da diversificação da dieta. O objetivo principal desta pesquisa é analisar a composição centesimal e conteúdo de minerais e de vitaminas de Salvia elegans Vahl (Lamiales: Lamiaceae) com o intuito de promover seu consumo. A composição centesimal foi realizada seguindo o método descrito pela Associação de Químicos Analíticos Oficiais (AOAC). Os minerais foram analisados por espectrofotômetro de absorção atômica e as vitaminas foram analisadas por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência. O teor de umidade (2,565 + 0,14), proteína bruta (24,24 + 0,13), fibra bruta (6,67 + 0,03), cinzas (16,95 + 0,19), carboidratos (48,08 + 0,6 cru g/100 gDM), cálcio (265,25 mg/kg), ferro (245,4 mg/g), sódio (374,45 + 0,10 mg/100 g), magnésio (76,53 mg/100 g), cobre (1,20 mg/100 g), Zn (102,90 mg/100 g), manganês (4,95 mg/100 g). Contém também 7,98 mg de B1 (tiamina), 3,33 mg de riboflavina, 48,93 mg de niacina, ácido ascórbico (252,02 mg/100 g), retinol (98,06 mg), colecalciferol (8,64 mg) e tocoferóis (10,97 mg). O consumo de S. elegans pode complementar outras fontes de alimento ao efetuar impacto positivo de vitaminas, fibras e minerais em suplementação ao crescimento de crianças atrofiadas, construção de ossos, formação de tecidos e na prevalência de doenças, como febre tifoide, escorbuto e raquitismo. Portanto, o cultivo e o consumo dessa planta devem ser encorajados.

Palavras-chave
Composição centesimal; Vitaminas; Minerais; Dieta humana; Segurança alimentar.

DOI
10.21438/rbgas.030607

Texto completo
PDF

Referências
Adeyeye, E. I.; Otokiti, M. K. Proximate composition and some nutritionally valuable minerals of two varieties of Capsicum annum (Bell and Cherry peppers). Discovery and Innovation, v. 11, p. 75-81, 1999.

Aguilar, A.; Camacho, J. R.; Chino, S.; Vazquez, P.; López, P. Herbario Medicinal del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social. Journal of Ethnobotanical, Mexico, v. 9, p. 107, 1994.

Akindahunsi, A. A.; Salawu, S. O. Photochemical screening and nutrient-anti-nutrient composition of selected tropical green vegetables. African Journal of Biotechnology, v. 4, p. 497-501, 2005.

Akubugwo, I. E.; Obasi, N. A.; Chinyere, G. C.; Ugbogu, A. E. Nutritional and chemical value of Amaranthus hybridus L. leaves from Afikpo. Nigeria African Journal of Biotechnology, v. 6, no. 24, p. 2833-2839, 2007.

Alpha, E.; Bala M.; Ackurt, F.; Yilmaz, T. Nutritional composition of hazenuts and its effects on glucose and lipid metabolism. Acta Horticulturae, v. 445, p. 305-310, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.1997.445.41

Antia, B. S.; Akpan, E. J.; Okon, P. A.; Umoren, I. U. Nutritive and anti-nutritive evaluation of sweet potatoes (Ipomoea batatas) leaves. Pakistan Journal of Nutrition, v. 5, no. 2, p. 166-168, 2006.

AOAC - Association of Official Analytical Chemists. Official methods of analysis. 15. ed. Washington, D. C.: Association of Official Analytical Chemists, 1990.

Asibey-Berko, E.; Tayie, F. A. Poximate analysis of some underutilized Ghanaian vegetables. Ghana Journal of Science, v. 39, p. 91-92, 1999.

Bellows, L. R.; Moore, R. Water soluble vitamins: B-Complex and vitamin C. Food and Nutrition Series, Health, Colorado State University Extension, Fact Sheet no. 9.312, 2012. Available from: <http://extension.colostate.edu/docs/pubs/foodnut/09312.pdf>. Accessed on: Sept. 22, 2016.

Chadha, M. L. AVRDC's experiences within marketing of indigenous vegetables: a case study on commercialization of African Eggplant. Arusha, Tanzani: AVRDC Regional Center for Africa Duluti, 2003.

Chatterjea, M. N.; Shinde, R. Textbook of Medical Biochemistry. 3. ed. New Delhi: Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers, 1998.

Chinma, C. E.; Igyor, M. A. Micronutrients and anti-nutritional contents of selected tropical vegetables grown in Southeast Nigeria. Nigeria Food Journal, v. 25, no. 1, p. 111-116, 2007.

Gupta, S.; Lakshmi, A. J.; Majunath, M. N.; Prakash, J. Analysis of nutrient and antinutrient content of underutilized green leafy vegetables. LWT - Food Science. Technology, v. 38, p. 339-345, 2005.

Hassan, L. G.; Umar, K. J. Nutritional value of Balsam Apple (Momordica balsamina L.) leaves. Pakistan Journal of Nutrition, v. 5, no. 6, p. 522-529, 2006.

Ishida, H.; Suzuno, H.; Sugiyama, N.; Innami S.; Todokoro, T.; Maekawa, A. Nutritional evaluation of chemical component of leaves, stalks and stems of sweet potatos (Ipomoea batatas). Journal of Food Chemistry, v. 68, p. 359-367, 2000.

Isong, E. U.; Adewusi, S. A. R.; Nkanga E. U.; Umoh, E. E.; Offiong, E. E. Nutritional and phytogeriatological studies of three variation of Gnetum africanum ("afang"). Journal of Food Chemistry, v. 64, p. 489-493, 1999.

Khali, I. A.; Saleemulla, A. Chemistry One. Bio-Analytical Chemistry. Pakistan: T. S. Printers, 2004.

Lara, C. Temporal dynamics of flower use by hummingbirds in a highland temperate forest in Mexico. Ecoscience, v. 13, no. 1, p. 23-29, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2980/1195-6860(2006)13[23:TDOFUB]2.0.CO;2

Lintas, C. Nutritional aspects of fruits and vegetables consumption. Journal of Nutrition, v. 19, p. 79-87, 1992.

Maxia, A.; Sanna, C.; Salve, B.; Kasture, A.; Kasture, S. Inhibition of histamine mediated responses by Mirabilis jalapa: confirming traditional claims made about antiallergic and antiasthmatic activity. National Journal of Produce, v. 24, no. 18, p. 1681-1687, 2010.

Mensah, J. K.; Okoli, R. I.; Ohaju-Obodo, J. O.; Eifediyi K. Phytochemical, nutritional and medical properties of some leafy vegetables consumed by Edo People of Nigeria. African Journal of Biotechnology, v. 7, no. 14, p. 2304-2309, 2008.

Mora, S.; Diaz-Veliz, G.; Lungenstrass, H.; Garcia-Gonzalez, M.; Coto-Morales, T.; Poletti, C.; Lima, T. C.; Herrera-Ruiz, M.; Tortoriello, J. The hydroalcoholic extract of Salvia elegans induces anxiolytic- and antidepressant-like effects in rats. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, v. 97, p. 191-197, 2005.

Panda, P. Effects of green leafy vegetables and fruits on health. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, v. 7, no. 4, p. 145-151, 2010.

Rumeza, H.; Zafar I.; Mudassar, I.; Shaheena, H.; Masooma, R. Use of vegetables as nutritional food: role in human health. Journal of Agricultural and Biological Science, v. 1, no. 1, p. 40-46, 2006.

Sobowale, S. S.; Olatidoye, O. P.; Olorode, O. O.; Akinlotan, J. V. Nutritional potentials and chemical value of some tropical leafy vegetables consumed in South West Nigeria. J. Sci. Multidisciplinary Res., v. 3, p. 55-65, 2011.

Turan, M.; Kordis, S.; Zeyin, H.; Dursan, A.; Sezen, Y. Macro and micro minerals content of some wild edible leaves consumed in eastern Anatolia. Tailors and Francis Journal, v. 8, p. 129-130, 2003.

Wolf, G. The discovery of vitamin D: the contribution of Adolf Windaus. Journal of Nutrition, v. 134, no. 6, p. 1299-1302, 2011. Available from: <http://jn.nutrition.org/content/134/6/1299.full.pdf+html>. Accessed on: Sept. 22, 2016.


 

ISSN 2359-1412