Sustentabilidad y desarrollo sustentable: conceptos y significados

Leonardo Barbulho Maia Denise Regina da Costa Aguiar , Leonice Domingos dos Santos Cintra Lima Martha Lucia Ortiz-Moreno e Acacio Aparecido Navarrete

Resumen
Los términos "sustentable", "sustentabilidad" y "desarrollo sustentable" son notables y usados en nivel mundial. Sin embargo, debido a su falta de valoraciones axiomáticas, provocan malentendidos en la práctica. Esta revisión de literatura tuvo como objetivo discutir las propiedades de los términos "sustentable", "sustentabilidad" y "desarrollo sustentable" para contribuir al análisis axiomático de sus conceptos. Para lograr este objetivo, se realizó una revisión bibliográfica del tema por autores y publicaciones, con procedimientos descriptivos y un enfoque cualitativo e interpretativo. La revisión elaborada mostró que el término "sustentable" denota acciones, prácticas, procesos o sistemas que pueden mantenerse a lo largo del tiempo sin agotar los recursos naturales. A su vez, el término "sustentabilidad" es multidimensional e implica la conservación de los recursos naturales, en el contexto de la eficiencia en el uso de la materia y energía. Finalmente, el término "desarrollo sustentable" hace referencia al equilibrio entre los aspectos ambientales, sociales y económicos de los sistemas antrópicos. Las características de estos términos tienen usos específicos, y abordan propósitos comunes importantes como la reducción de la huella ambiental humana y la solidaridad intergeneracional. Con esto, una concepción axiomática clara de estos términos permiten su aplicación en las organizaciones, comunidades y la esfera económica donde la conservación ambiental a esta subrogada al crecimiento económico. Esta revisión abre posibilidades para iniciar un debate más abierto sobre estos términos y ayudar a su aplicación en las dimensiones políticas y sociales.

Palabras clave
Desarrollo sustentable; Huella ambiental; Solidaridad intergeneracional.

Abstract
Sustainability and sustainable development: Concepts and meanings. The terms "sustainable", "sustainability" and "sustainable development" are notable and used worldwide. However, due to their lack of axiomatic assessments, they are misunderstood in practice. This literature review aimed to discuss the properties of the terms "sustainable", "sustainability" and "sustainable development" to contribute to the axiomatic analysis of their concepts. To achieve this objective, a bibliographic review of the subject was carried out by authors and publications, with descriptive procedures and a qualitative and interpretative approach. The elaborated review showed that the term "sustainable" denotes actions, practices, processes or systems that can be maintained over time without depleting natural resources. In turn, the term "sustainability" is multidimensional and implies the conservation of natural resources, in the context of efficiency in the use of matter and energy. Finally, the term "sustainable development" refers to the balance between the environmental, social and economic aspects of anthropic systems. Characteristics of these terms have specific uses, and address important common purposes such as reducing the human environmental footprint and intergenerational solidarity. With this, a clear axiomatic conception of these terms allows their application in organizations, communities and the economic sphere where environmental conservation is subrogated to economic growth. This revision opens possibilities to start a more open debate on these terms and help their application in the political and social dimensions.

Keywords
Sustainable development; Environmental footprint; Intergenerational solidarity.

Resumo
Sustentabilidade e desenvolvimento sustentável: conceitos e significados. Os termos "sustentável", "sustentabilidade" e "desenvolvimento sustentável" são notáveis e utilizados em todo o mundo. No entanto, devido à falta de avaliações axiomáticas, são mal compreendidos na prática. Esta revisão de literatura teve como objetivo discutir as propriedades dos termos "sustentável", "sustentabilidade" e "desenvolvimento sustentável" para contribuir na análise axiomática de seus conceitos. Para atingir esse objetivo, foi realizada uma revisão bibliográfica do tema por autores e publicações, com procedimentos descritivos e abordagem qualitativa e interpretativa. A revisão elaborada mostrou que o termo "sustentável" denota ações, práticas, processos ou sistemas que podem ser mantidos ao longo do tempo sem esgotar os recursos naturais. Por sua vez, o termo "sustentabilidade" é multidimensional e implica a conservação dos recursos naturais, no contexto da eficiência no uso da matéria e da energia. Por fim, o termo "desenvolvimento sustentável" refere-se ao equilíbrio entre os aspectos ambientais, sociais e econômicos dos sistemas antrópicos. As características destes termos têm utilizações específicas e abordam objetivos comuns importantes, como a redução da pegada ambiental humana e a solidariedade intergeracional. Com isto, uma concepção axiomática clara destes termos permite a sua aplicação em organizações, comunidades e na esfera económica onde a conservação ambiental é sub-rogada ao crescimento económico. Esta revisão abre possibilidades para iniciar um debate mais aberto sobre estes termos e ajudar na sua aplicação nas dimensões política e social.

Palavras-chave
Desenvolvimento sustentável; Pegada ecológica; Solidariedade intergeracional.

DOI
10.21438/rbgas(2023)102618

Texto completo
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