Biorremediação de água residuária téxtil sintética em um sistema combinado constituído por reator biológico e wetland construído

Evanleide Rodrigues da Silva , Lucas Olegário Bueno , Leonardo Gomes de Vasconcelos , Rossean Golin e Eduardo Beraldo de Morais

Resumo
Um sistema constituído de reator biológico, bioenriquecido com a bactéria Shewanella xiamenensis G5-03, e wetland construído, vegetado com Typha domingensis, foi desenvolvido para o tratamento de água residuária sintética contendo o corante vermelho Congo. O sistema combinado removeu 96,5% da cor da água residuária, a qual ocorreu principalmente no reator biológico (83,0%) devido às condições anaeróbicas favoráveis à clivagem redutiva dos grupos cromóforos do corante. Também foram observadas altas taxas de remoção de turbidez e DQO (89,9% e 90,6%, respectivamente), enquanto as taxas de remoção de PO₄-P e NH₄-N foram de 70,4% e 18,3%, respectivamente. O wetland construído removeu, em média, 95,7% de benzidina, um composto carcinogênico que foi gerado no reator biológico a partir da degradação do vermelho Congo, o que pode ter contribuído para a detoxificação parcial da água residuária sintética tratada pelo sistema. Em síntese, o sistema de tratamento avaliado demostrou boa performance na remoção de poluentes da água residuária têxtil sintética.

Palavras-chave
Descoloração; Vermelho Congo; Fitorremediação; Macrófitas; Bioenriquecimento.

Abstract
Bioremediation of synthetic textile wastewater in a combined system constituted by a biological reactor and constructed wetland. A system constituted by a biological reactor, bioaugmentated with the bacteria Shewanella xiamenensis G5-03, and constructed wetland, vegetated with Typha domingensis, was developed for the treatment of synthetic wastewater containing Congo Red dye. The combined system removed 96.5% of wastewater color, which occurred mainly in the biological reactor (83.0%), due to the anaerobic conditions favorable to the reductive cleavage of the chromophore groups of dye. High removal rates of turbidity and COD were also observed (89.9% and 90.6%, respectively), while PO₄-P and NH₄-N removal rates were 70.4% and 18.3%, respectively. The constructed wetland removed on average 95.7% of benzidine, a carcinogenic compound that was generated in the biological reactor from Congo red degradation, and this may have contributed to the partial detoxification of the synthetic wastewater treated by the system. In summary, the combined treatment system evaluated has shown good performance in the removal of pollutants from synthetic wastewater.

Keywords
Decolorization; Congo Red; Phytoremediation; Macrophytes; Bioaugmentation.

DOI
10.21438/rbgas(2021)081901

Texto completo
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