Cadeias Globais de Suprimentos e os eventos climáticos extremos: os limites das estratégias empresariais através das lentes da Economia Ecológica

Milena Leal Costa e Claudio Fabian Szlafsztein

Resumo
A intensificação dos eventos climáticos extremos tem imposto desafios às Cadeias Globais de Suprimentos (CGS), expondo as empresas a riscos crescentes de interrupção operacional. Em resposta, muitas empresas têm adotado estratégias baseadas exclusivamente em mudanças operacionais - diversificação de fornecedores e modais, a formação de estoques estratégicos e o retorno total ou parcial da produção ao país de origem - sem, contudo, enfrentar as causas estruturais associadas à crise climática. A Economia Ecológica, ao integrar conhecimentos interdisciplinares e reconhecer que a Economia está inserida na Biosfera e condicionada aos seus limites e processos naturais, oferece uma lente crítica para avaliar tais estratégias. Este artigo contribui para o debate teórico sobre as estratégias utilizadas pelas empresas das Cadeias Globais de Suprimentos para enfrentar os eventos extremos climáticos à luz da Economia Ecológica. Questiona-se se essas estratégias não seriam apenas uma reprodução de padrões operacionais orientados pela racionalidade econômica, uma lógica que desconsidera e, paradoxalmente, continua a alimentar os processos de degradação ambiental? A pesquisa, de natureza bibliográfica, fundamenta-se nas discussões teóricas da Economia Ecológica, um campo transdisciplinar que conecta sistemas econômicos e ecológicos. Os resultados apontam que, embora as estratégias analisadas ampliem a capacidade adaptativa das empresas em curto prazo, carecem de visão sistêmica e ecológica, revelando-se paliativas e insuficientes frente à complexidade da crise climática, além de não formar cadeias globais sustentáveis. Conclui-se que tais estratégias operam como mecanismos de deslocamento geográfico dos impactos ambientais, perpetuando um modelo de crescimento contínuo desconectado dos princípios ecológicos determinantes para a sustentabilidade das cadeias globais.

Palavras-chave
Eventos climáticos extremos; Economia Ecológica; Cadeias Globais de Suprimentos; Sustentabilidade.

Abstract
Global Supply Chains and extreme weather events: The limits of corporate strategies through the lens of Ecological Economics. The intensification of extreme weather events has posed challenges to Global Supply Chains (GSCs), exposing companies to increasing risks of operational disruption. In response, many firms have adopted strategies based solely on operational changes - such as supplier and modal diversification, the formation of strategic inventories, and the total or partial return of production to the home country - without, however, addressing the structural causes associated with the climate crisis. Ecological Economics, by integrating interdisciplinary knowledge and recognizing that the Economy is embedded in the Biosphere and conditioned by its limits and natural processes, offers a critical lens through which to assess such strategies. This article contributes to the theoretical debate on the strategies employed by companies within Global Supply Chains to address extreme climate events in light of Ecological Economics. It questions whether these strategies might merely reproduce operational patterns guided by Economic Rationality - a logic that disregards and, paradoxically, continues to fuel environmental degradation processes. The research, of a bibliographic nature, is grounded in the theoretical discussions of Ecological Economics, a transdisciplinary field that connects economic and ecological systems. The results indicate that, although the strategies analyzed enhance firms' adaptive capacity in the short term, they lack a systemic and ecological vision, proving to be palliative and insufficient in the face of the complexity of the climate crisis, while failing to foster sustainable Global Supply Chains. It is concluded that such strategies operate as mechanisms for the geographical displacement of environmental impacts, perpetuating a model of continuous growth disconnected from the ecological principles essential to the sustainability of global supply chains.

Keywords
Extreme climate events; Ecological Economics; Global supply chains; Sustainability.

DOI
10.21438/rbgas(2025)123219


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