Vol. 12, No 31, p. 617-640 - 31 ago. 2025
Dimensões de vulnerabilidade socioecológica do Município da Beira, Moçambique, e alternativas de adaptação
Tomás de Azevedo Júlio


Resumo
Os eventos críticos climáticos vêm se intensificando ao longo do tempo, decorrente fundamentalmente da mudança climática. Esses eventos têm causado uma série de impactos negativos, principalmente no seio dos países subdesenvolvidos, com residual participação no mercado global de emissões de gases de efeito de estufa. E a Cidade da Beira, localizada no Centro de Moçambique não é uma excepção. Ela vem sofrendo ciclicamente desses eventos, agudizando os seus já precários indicadores de desenvolvimento humano, e elevando concomitantemente os seus níveis de vulnerabilidade socioecológica. Foi dentro dessa conjuntura que a presente pesquisa se centrou, procurando avaliar a dimensão da vulnerabilidade socioecológica do Município da Beira, refletindo simultaneamente em alternativas de adaptação climática, tendo como recorte territorial, os Bairros de Munhava e Nhangau. Para a operacionalização metodológica, o estudo desenvolveu uma pesquisa de campo para obtenção de dados socioeconômicos, através de entrevistas e de observação participante. Nessa lógica adotou-se a amostragem simples probabilística, a qualabarcou 859 famílias, tendo abrangido 587 e 272 famílias nos Bairros de Munhava e Nhangau, respectivamente. Para obtenção de dados de suscetibilidade biofísica, recorreu-se a dados espaciais (SRTM, Landsat 9, Global Floods e GPM) para o cálculo de declividade territorial, NDVI, precipitação e áreas inundáveis. O estudo concluiu que a área de estudo registra uma alta vulnerabilidade socioecológica. As condições socioeconômicas tiveram um maior peso, relativamente à suscetibilidade biofísica da área. A pesquisa concluiu igualmente que ações centradas na adaptação transformacional e baseadas em ecossistemas contribuiriam para a redução da vulnerabilidade socioecológica.
Palavras-chave
Vulnerabilidade socioeco
Abstract
Dimensions of socio-ecological vulnerability of the Municipality of Beira, Mozambique, and adaptation alternatives. Critical climate events have been intensifying over time, fundamentally resulting from climate change. These events have caused a series of negative impacts, mainly within underdeveloped countries, with residual participation in the global greenhouse gas emissions market. And the City of Beira, located in Central Mozambique, is no exception. It has cyclically suffered from these events, worsening its already precarious human development indicators, and concomitantly increasing its levels of socio-ecological vulnerability. It was within this situation that this research was focused, seeking to evaluate the dimension of socio-ecological vulnerability in the Municipality of Beira, simultaneously reflecting on alternatives for climate adaptation, taking the Neighborhoods of Munhava and Nhangau as its territorial focus. For methodological operationalization, the study developed field research to obtain socioeconomic data, through interviews and participant observation. In this logic, simple probabilistic sampling was adopted, which covered 859 families, covering 587 and 272 families in the Neighborhoods of Munhava and Nhangau, respectively. To obtain biophysical susceptibility data, spatial data (SRTM, Landsat 9, Global Floods, and GPM) were used to calculate territorial slope, NDVI, precipitation and floodable areas. The study concluded that the study area records a high socio-ecological vulnerability. Socioeconomic conditions had a greater weight in relation to the biophysical susceptibility of the area. The research also concluded that actions focused on transformational adaptation and based on ecosystems would contribute to the reduction of socio-ecological vulnerability.
Keywords
Socio-ecological vulnerability; Socioeconomic vulnerability; Biophysical susceptibility.
DOI
10.21438/rbgas(2025)123104
Texto completo
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