Microplásticos nos ecossistemas: métodos usados para detecção e identificação

Danila Soares Caixeta e Pierre Girard

Resumo
O alto consumo e descarte de plásticos no ambiente, tem gerado uma quantidade significativa de resíduos, que, por sua vez, são degradados em partículas menores, definidas como microplásticos e nanoplásticos. Os microplásticos podem ser disseminados para diferentes ambientes, devido ao seu pequeno tamanho, que está entre 1 µm e 5 mm. Em função de sua abundância, diversidade e efeitos adversos no ambiente, estudos sobre microplásticos, têm chamado a atenção de pesquisadores em nível mundial. No entanto, a detecção dessas micropartículas não tem sido uma tarefa fácil, pois não há uma padronização nos métodos de coleta, processamento das amostras e identificação. Assim, esse artigo tem como objetivo abordar os diferentes métodos utilizados para a detecção de microplásticos, em amostras ambientais.

Palavras-chave
Micropartículas; Técnicas; Amostragem; Quantificação; Qualificação.

Abstract
Microplastics in ecosystems: Methods used for detection and identification. The high consumption and disposal of plastics in the environment has generated a significant amount of waste, which in turn is degraded into smaller particles, defined as microplastics and nanoplastics. Microplastics can be disseminated to different environments due to their small size, which is between 1 µm and 5 mm. Due to their abundance, diversity and adverse effects on the environment, studies on microplastics have attracted the attention of researchers worldwide. However, detecting these microparticles has not been an easy task, as there is no standardization in collection, sample processing and identification methods. Therefore, this article aims to address the different methods used to detect microplastics in environmental samples.

Keywords
Microparticles; Techniques; Sampling; Quantification; Qualification.

DOI
10.21438/rbgas(2025)123004


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