First evidence of microplastics and nanoplastics contamination in wild shrimp Litopenaeus schmitti, Litopenaeus vannamei, and Farfantepenaeus brasiliensis from the Pontal do Peba Beach, Alagoas State, Brazil

Jeronimo Vieira Dantas-Filho , Tatiane Luciano Balliano , Jucilene Braitenbach Cavali , Géssica de Andrade de Lima , Nilza Rosa Teixeira , Alfredo Leandro Borie-Mojica , Sandro de Vargas Schons and Emerson Carlos Soares

Abstract
The aim of this study is characterized of MPs and NPs in the wild shrimp Litopenaeus schmitti, Litopenaeus vannamei, and Farfantepenaeus brasiliensis commercialized in Pontal do Peba Beach, Brazil. Tissues samples were collected from the gastrointestinal tract, gills, muscle, and exoskeleton of a total of 88 wild shrimps, on November 21st to 30th, 2023. Microplastic contamination has been proven in wild shrimp organs, L. schmitti (highest averages exoskeleton 997.20 MPs.ind.^-1 and gills 793.44 MPs.mL^-1), L. vannamei (highest averages muscle tissue 1,782.68 MPs.ind.^-1 and 961.88 MPs mL^-1), and F. brasiliensis (highest averages exoskeleton 1,799.53 MPs.ind.^-1 and 999.90 MPs.mL^-1). The categories of MPs found in gastrointestinal tract were mostly 325.33 MPs.mL^-1 of fragments, followed by 196.45 MPs.mL^-1 of fibers. While in gills the categories found were mostly 329.89 MPs.mL^-1 of fibers, followed by 100.08 MPs.mL^-1 of fragments. Regarding the categories found in muscle tissue were mostly 492.99 MPs.mL^-1 of fibers, followed by 472.60 MPs.mL^-1 of fragments. While in exoskeleton the categories of MPs found were mostly 404.09 MPs.mL- of fibers, followed by 472.60 MPs.mL^-1 of fragments. Evidence of NPs polymers was found in the gastrointestinal tract, 1.08 ng.g^-1 of PE, 841.00 ng.g^-1 of PA, 161.00 ng.g^-1 of PI, and 6.16 ng.g^-1 of PP were found. In the gills, 1,240.00 ng.g^-1 of PE, 111.00 ng.g^-1 of PA, 49.00 ng.g^-1 of PI, and 6.16 ng.g^-1 of PP. In the muscles, 2,306.00 ng.g^-1 of PE, 488.00 ng.g^-1 of PA, 358.00 ng.g^-1 of PI, and 46.00 ng.g^-1 of PP. In the exoskeleton, 1,897.00 ng.g^-1 of PE, 438.00 ng.g^-1 of PA, 305.00 ng.g^-1 of PP, and 83.00 ng.g^-1 of PI. The wild shrimp studied are excellent indicators of the presence of MPs and NPs in the aquatic environment. Detailed quantitative information about contamination by MPs and their toxic residues NPs polymers can assist in conservation actions to control plastic disposal in coastal areas of Northeast Brazil.

Keywords
Environmental pollution; Food security; Nanoplastic polymers; Toxic plastics; Water pollution.

Resumo
Primeira evid ncia de contamina o por micropl sticos e nanopl sticos em camar es silvestres Litopenaeus schmitti, Litopenaeus vannamei e Farfantepenaeus brasiliensis da praia do Pontal do Peba, Alagoas, Brasil. O objetivo deste estudo caracterizar MPs e NPs nos camar es selvagens Litopenaeus schmitti, Litopenaeus vannamei e Farfantepenaeus brasiliensis comercializados na praia do Pontal do Peba, Brasil. Amostras de tecidos foram coletadas do trato gastrointestinal, br nquias, m sculos e exoesqueleto de um total de 88 camar es selvagens, de 21 a 30 de novembro de 2023. A contamina o por micropl sticos foi comprovada em rg os de camar es selvagens, L. schmitti (exosqueleto com m dias mais altas 997,20 MPs Ind.^-1 e br nquias 793,44 MPs mL^-1), L. vannamei (maiores m dias de tecido muscular 1.782,68 MPs Ind.^-1 e 961,88 MPs mL^-1) e F. brasiliensis (maiores m dias de exoesqueleto 1.799,53 MPs Ind.^-1 e 999,90 MP mL^-1). As categorias de MPs encontradas no trato gastrointestinal foram em sua maioria 325,33 MPs mL^-1 de fragmentos, seguidas de 196,45 MPs mL^-1 de fibras. Enquanto nas br nquias as categorias encontradas foram em sua maioria 329,89 MPs mL^-1 de fibras, seguidas de 100,08 MPs mL^-1 de fragmentos. Quanto s categorias encontradas no tecido muscular foram em sua maioria 492,99 MPs mL^-1 de fibras, seguido de 472,60 MPs mL^-1 de fragmentos. Enquanto no exoesqueleto as categorias de MPs encontradas foram em sua maioria 404,09 MPs mL^-1 de fibras, seguidas de 472,60 MPs mL^-1 de fragmentos. Evid ncias de pol meros NPs foram encontradas no trato gastrointestinal, sendo encontrados 1,08 ng g^-1 de PE, 841,00 ng g^-1 de PA, 161,00 ng g^-1 de PI e 6,16 ng g^-1 de PP. Nas br nquias, 1.240,00 ng g^-1 de PE, 111,00 ng g^-1 de PA, 49,00 ng g^-1 de PI e 6,16 ng g^-1 de PP. Nos m sculos, 2.306,00 ng g^-1 de PE, 488,00 ng g^-1 de PA, 358,00 ng g^-1 de PI e 46,00 ng g^-1 de PP. No exoesqueleto, 1.897,00 ng g^-1 de PE, 438,00 ng g^-1 de PA, 305,00 ng g^-1 de PP e 83,00 ng g^-1 de PI. Os camar es silvestres estudados s o excelentes indicadores da presen a de MPs e NPs no ambiente aqu tico. Informa es quantitativas detalhadas sobre a contamina o por MPs e seus res duos t xicos, os pol meros NPs, informa es as quais podem auxiliar em a es conservacionistas para controlar o descarte de pl stico em reas costeiras do Nordeste do Brasil.

Palavras-chave
Polui o ambiental; Seguran a alimentar; Pol meros de nanopl sticos; Pl sticos t xicos; Polui o aqu tica.

Resumen
Primera evidencia de contaminaci n por micropl sticos y nanopl sticos en camarones silvestres Litopenaeus schmitti, Litopenaeus vannamei y Farfantepenaeus brasiliensis de la playa Pontal do Peba, Alagoas, Brasil. El objetivo de este estudio es caracterizar MP y NP en camarones silvestres Litopenaeus schmitti, Litopenaeus vannamei y Farfantepenaeus brasiliensis vendidos en la playa Pontal do Peba, Brasil. Se recolectaron muestras de tejido del tracto gastrointestinal, branquias, m sculos y exoesqueleto de un total de 88 camarones silvestres, del 21 al 30 de noviembre de 2023. Se demostr contaminaci n micropl stica en rganos de camar n silvestre, L. schmitti (exoesqueleto con promedios m s altos de 997,20 MPs Ind.^-1 y branquias 793,44 MPs mL^-1), L. vannamei (el tejido muscular m s alto promedia 1.782,68 MPs Ind.^-1 y 961,88 MPs mL^-1) y F. brasiliensis (el exoesqueleto m s alto promedia 1.799,53 MPs Ind.^-1 y 999,90 MP mL^-1). Las categor as de MPs encontradas en el tracto gastrointestinal fueron en su mayor a 325,33 MP mL^-1 de fragmentos, seguidas de 196,45 MP mL^-1 de fibras. Mientras que en las branquias las categor as encontradas fueron en su mayor a 329,89 MPs mL^-1 de fibras, seguidas de 100,08 MPs mL^-1 de fragmentos. En cuanto a las categor as encontradas en el tejido muscular, la mayor a fueron 492,99 MPs mL^-1 de fibras, seguidas de 472,60 MPs mL^-1 de fragmentos. Mientras que en el exoesqueleto las categor as de MPs encontradas fueron en su mayor a 404,09 MPs mL^-1 de fibras, seguidas de 472,60 MPs mL^-1 de fragmentos. Se encontr evidencia de NPs polim ricas en el tracto gastrointestinal, con 1,08 ng g^-1 de PE, 841,00 ng g^-1 de PA, 161,00 ng g^-1 de PI y 6,16 ng g^-1 de PP. En las branquias, 1.240,00 ng g^-1 de PE, 111,00 ng g^-1 de PA, 49,00 ng g^-1 de PI y 6,16 ng g^-1 de PP. En m sculos, 2.306,00 ng g^-1 de PE, 488,00 ng g^-1 de PA, 358,00 ng g^-1 de PI y 46,00 ng g^-1 de PP. En el exoesqueleto, 1.897,00 ng g^-1 de PE, 438,00 ng g^-1 de PA, 305,00 ng g^-1 de PP y 83,00 ng g^-1 de PI. Los camarones silvestres estudiados son excelentes indicadores de la presencia de MPs y NPs en el ambiente acu tico. Informaci n cuantitativa detallada sobre la contaminaci n por MPs y sus residuos t xicos, pol meros de NPs, informaci n que puede ayudar en acciones de conservaci n para controlar la eliminaci n de pl stico en las zonas costeras del Nordeste de Brasil.

Palabras clave
Contaminaci n ambiental; Contaminaci n acu tica; Pl sticos t xicos; Pol meros nanopl sticos; Seguridad alimentaria.

DOI
10.21438/rbgas(2024)112929


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