Panorama atual e perspectivas futuras do uso da biomassa da macaúba Acrocomia aculeata (Jack.) Lood. ex Mart. (Arecaceae): uma revisão sistemática da literatura

Emerson Fonseca Silva , Hygor Aristides Victor Rossoni , Philipe Werner Sepúlveda e Juliana Cristina Tristão

Resumo
A macaúba Acrocomia aculeata (Jack.) Lood. ex Mart. (Arecaceae) é uma palmeira oleaginosa amplamente distribuída pelo território brasileiro. Recentemente muita atenção tem sido dada a esta espécie, em função do alto teor de óleo proveniente de seu fruto, utilizado na produção de biodiesel e outros combustíveis derivados. No processamento de seu fruto há iminente geração de resíduos, que pode causar inúmeros passivos ambientais. Este trabalho busca, através de uma revisão sistemática da literatura, utilizando a metodologia de PRISMA, entender quais produtos tem sido gerado a partir dos resíduos da palmeira (casca, polpa, amêndoa, endocarpo e folhas) na atualidade. Para isso, foram utilizadas as bases de dados e portais acadêmicos Google Scholar, Periódicos CAPES e Scopus. Foram selecionados, a partir de uma série de critérios, 33 artigos para leitura total do texto e avaliação da elegibilidade, dos quais 14 foram selecionados para compor a revisão. Observou-se que a maior parte dos trabalhos busca produzir biocombustíveis e carvão ativado a partir de diferentes processos e técnicas. Ademais, este trabalho aponta algumas perspectivas e oportunidades futuras de pesquisa científica com os resíduos gerados a partir do processo de beneficiamento da macaúba, visando a obter produtos com alto valor agregado, mitigando possíveis impactos e otimizando a cadeia produtiva da espécie.

Palavras-chave
Resíduos; Biomassa; Acrocomia aculeata; Coprodutos.

Abstract
Current overview and future perspectives for the use of biomass from macauba palm Acrocomia aculeata (Jack.) Lood. ex Mart. (Arecaceae): A systematic review of the literature. The macauba Acrocomia aculeata (Jack.) Lood. ex Mart. (Arecaceae) is an oily palm tree widely distributed throughout Brazil. Recently, much attention has been given to this species due to the high oil content of its fruit, which is used in the production of biodiesel and other derived fuels. The processing of its fruit generates imminent waste, which can lead to numerous environmental liabilities. This study aims, through a systematic literature review using the adapted PRISMA methodology, to understand what scientific products have been generated from the macauba palm residues (shell, pulp, nut, endocarp, and leaves) in recent years. Databases and academic portals used include Google Scholar, CAPES Journals, and Scopus. Were selected, from a series of criteria, 33 papers for full-text reading and eligibility assessment, from which 14 articles were chosen for this review. It was observed that most of the studies focus on producing biofuels and activated carbons from various processes and techniques. Furthermore, this work outlines some perspectives and future research opportunities with the residues generated from macauba processing, aiming to obtain final products with high added value, mitigate potential impacts, and optimize the production chain of the species.

Keywords
Waste; Biomass; Acrocomia aculeata; Co-products.

DOI
10.21438/rbgas(2024)112909


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