Digital transformation in smart ports: A systematic literature review

Miguel Lucas dos Santos Yaya , Vilmar Antonio Gonçalves Tondolo , Guilherme Wiedenhöft and Eduarda da Rosa Porto

Abstract
This systematic literature review addresses the impact of digital technologies on the maritime industry and how these technologies are reshaping the wayports operate within the context of the global transportation system. The research employs a qualitative approach that combines systematic literature review and inductive categorical content analysis. The Scopus database was consulted, resulting in the identification of 43 articles, of which 27 were deemed relevant for investigation after careful analysis. Data analysis revealed that drivers for the transformation of conventional ports into smart ports include political, economic, environmental, and technological factors. Additionally, various digital technologies applied in smart ports were identified, such as process technologies, networks, interfaces, and data processing. The study also highlights the relevance of sustainability in smart ports, emphasizing the use of technologies for process automation, real-time monitoring, and optimization of energy efficiency. Digital transformation in ports can additionally contribute to reducing carbón emissions and promoting sustainable development.

Keywords
Smart ports; Digital transformation; Sustainability; Maritime ports.

Resumen
Transformación digital en puertos inteligentes: una revisión sistemática de la literatura. Esta revisión sistemática de la literatura aborda el impacto de las tecnologías digitales en la industria marítima y cómo estas tecnologías están remodelando la forma en que operan los puertos dentro del contexto del sistema de transporte global. La investigación emplea un enfoque cualitativo que combina la revisión sistemática de la literatura y el análisis de contenido categórico inductivo. Se consultó la base de datos Scopus, lo que resultó en la identificación de 43 artículos, de los cuales 27 fueron considerados relevantes para la investigación después de un análisis cuidadoso. El análisis de datos reveló que los impulsores de la transformación de los puertos convencionales en puertos inteligentes incluyen factores políticos, económicos, ambientales y tecnológicos. Además, se identificaron diversas tecnologías digitales aplicadas en puertos inteligentes, como tecnologías de proceso, redes, interfaces y procesamiento de datos. El estudio también destaca la relevancia de la sostenibilidad en los puertos inteligentes, enfatizando el uso de tecnologías para la automatización de procesos, el monitoreo en tiempo real y la optimización de la eficiencia energética. La transformación digital en los puertos también puede contribuir a reducir las emisiones de carbono y promover el desarrollo sostenible.

Palabras clave
Puertos inteligentes; Transformación digital; Sostenibilidad; Puertos marítimos.

Resumo
Transformação digital em portos inteligentes: uma revisão sistemática da literatura. Esta revisão sistemática da literatura aborda o impacto das tecnologias digitais na indústria marítima e como estas tecnologias estão remodelando a forma como os portos operam, no contexto do sistema de transporte global. A pesquisa emprega uma abordagem qualitativa, que combina revisão sistemática da literatura e a análise de conteúdo categorial indutiva. Foi consultada a base de dados Scopus, resultando na identificação de 43 artigos, dos quais 27 foram considerados relevantes para a pesquisa após análise criteriosa. A análise dos dados revelou que os motores da transformação dos portos convencionais em portos inteligentes incluem fatores políticos, econômicos, ambientais e tecnológicos. Além disso, foram identificadas diversas tecnologias digitais aplicadas em portos inteligentes, como tecnologias de processos, redes, interfaces e processamento de dados. O estudo também destaca a relevância da sustentabilidade nos portos inteligentes, enfatizando o uso de tecnologias para automação de processos, monitoramento em tempo real e otimização da eficiência energética. A transformação digital nos portos também pode ajudar a reduzir as emissões de carbono e promover o desenvolvimento sustentável.

Palavras-chave
Portos inteligentes; Transformação digital; Sustentabilidade; Portos marítimos.

DOI
10.21438/rbgas(2024)112735

Texto completo

 Baixar este arquivo PDF

 


References
Abdallah, Y. O.; Shehab, E.; A Al-Ashaab, A. Developing a digital transformation process in the manufacturing sector: Egyptian case study. Information Systems and e-Business Management, v. 20, p. 613-630, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10257-022-00558-3

Ahi, A. A.; Sinkovics, N.; Shildibekov, Y.; Sinkovics, R. R.; Mehandjiev, N. Advanced technologies and international business: A multidisciplinary analysis of the literature. International Business Review, v. 31, n. 4, 101967, 2022. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.ibusrev.2021.101967

Ashiq, M.; Ur Rehman, S.; Ahmad, N.; Atoum, I.; Aqil, M.; Ahmad, S. A bibliometric review of leadership literature in library and information science profession, 1959-2022. SAGE Open, p. 1-3, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440231208767

Barasti, D.; Troscia, M.; Lattuca, D.; Tardo, A.; Barsanti, I.; Pagano, P. An ICT Prototyping Framework for the "Port of the Future". Sensors, v. 22, n. 1, 246, 2022. https://doi.org/10.3390/s22010246

Bardin, L. Análise de conteúdo. Lisboa: Edições 70, 2016.

Belmoukari, B.; Audy, J.-F.; Forget, P. Smart port: A systematic literature review. European Transport Research Review, v. 15, article number 4, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1186/ s12544-023-00581-6

Bressanelli, G.; Perona, M.; Saccani, N. Challenges in supply chain redesign for the Circular Economy: A literature review and a multiple case study. International Journal of Production Research, v. 57, p. 7395-7422, 2019.

Chen, J.; Huang, T.; Xie, X.; Lee, P. T. W.; Hua, C. Constructing governanceframework of a green and smart port. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, v. 7, n. 4, 83, 2019. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse7040083

Durán, C. A.; Córdova, F. M.; Palominos, F. A conceptual model for a cyber-social-technological-cognitive smart medium-size port. Proceedings of the Procedia Computer Science, 2019.

Freire-Seoane, M. J.; López-Bermúdez, B.; De la Peña Zarzuelo, I. Efectos del transporte marítimo en contenedores sobre el crecimiento económico en los países de la costa oeste de América Latina. Revista de la CEPAL, n. 130, p. 91-108, 2020.

Ghasemkhani, H.; Soule, D. L.; Westerman, G. F. Competitive advantage in a digital world: Toward an information-based view of the firm. SSRN, 2014. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2698775

Heikkilä, M.; Saarni, J.; Saurama, A. Innovation in smart ports: Future directions of digitalization in container ports. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, v. 10, n. 12, 1925, 2022. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse10121925

Heilig, L.; Lalla-Ruiz, E.; Voß, S. Digital transformation in maritime ports: Analysis and a game theoretic framework. Netnomics, v. 18, p. 227-254, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11066-017-9122-x

Henderikx, M.; Stoffers, J. An exploratory literature study into digital transformation and leadership: Toward future-proof middle managers. Sustainability, v. 14, n. 2, 687, 2022. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14020687

Hernández Sampieri, R.; Fernández Collado, C. F.; Lucio, M. P. B. Metodologia de pesquisa. 5. ed. Porto Alegre: Penso, 2013.

Huh, S.; Cho, S.; Kim, S. Managing IoT devices using blockchain platform. IEEE 19th International Conference on Advanced Communication Technology (ICACT), p. 464-467, 2017. https://doi.org/10.23919/ICACT.2017.7890132

Jiang, J.; Lin, C.; Han, G.; Abu-Mahfouz, A. M.; Shah, S. B. H.; Martínez-García, M. How AI-enabled SDN technologies improve the security and functionality of industrial IoT network: Architectures, enabling technologies, and opportunities. Digital Communications and Networks, v. 9, p. 1351-1362, 2023. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.dcan.2022.07.001

Jović, M.; Tijan, E.; Vidmar, D.; Pucihar, A. Factors of digital transformation in the maritime transport sector. Sustainability, v. 14, n. 15, 9776, 2022. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14159776

Kaliszewski, A. Porty piątej oraz szóstej generacji (5GP,6GP)-ewolucja ekonomicznej i społecznej roli portów. Studia i Materiały Instytutu Transportu i Handlu Morskiego, n. 14, 2017. https://doi.org/10.26881/sim.2017.4.06

Karaś, A. Smart port as a key to the future development of modern ports. TransNav: International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation, v. 14, n. 1, p. 27-31, 2020. https://doi.org/10.12716/1001.14.01.01

Karaś, A. Conceptualization of smart ports. European Research Studies Journal, v. 25, n. 3, p. 517-525, 2022. https://doi.org/10.35808/ersj/3047

Kassou, M.; Bourekkadi, S.; El Imrani, O.; Boulaksili, A.; Aharouay, S.; Ourdi, A.; Chikri, H.; Khoulji, S. Digital transformation in flow planning: The case of container terminals at a smart port. Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology, v. 99, n. 9, p. 1966-1976, 2021.

Klink, H. A. The port network as a new stage in port development: The case of Rotterdam. Environment and Planning A, v. 30, n. 1, p. 143-160, 1998. https://doi.org/10.1068/a300143

Li, K.; Gharehgozil, A.; Lee, J.-Y. Smart technologies and port operations: optimal adoption strategy with network externality consideration. Computer & Industrial Engineering, v. 184, article 109557, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cie.2023.109557

Liao, H.-T.; Lo, T.-M.; Pan, C.-L. Knowledge mapping analysis of intelligent ports: Research facing global value chain challenges. Systems, v. 11, n. 2, 88, 2023. https://doi.org/10.3390/systems11020088

Makkawan, K.; Muangpan, T. A conceptual model of smart port performance and smart port indicators in Thailand. Journal of International Logistics and Trade, v. 19, n. 3, p. 133-146, 2021. https://doi.org/10.24006/jilt.2021.19.3.133

Matt, C.; Hess, T.; Benlian, A. Digital Transformation Strategies. Business & Information Systems Engineering, v. 57, p. 339-343, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12599-015-0401-5

Molavi, A.; Lim, G. J.; Bruce Race, B. A framework for building a smart port and smart port index. International Journal of Sustainable Transportation, v. 14, n. 9, p. 686-700, 2020.

Mongeon, P.; Paul-Hus, A. The journal coverage of Web of Science and Scopus: A comparative analysis. Scientometrics, v. 106, p. 213-228, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-015-1765-5

Noor, M. M. Addressing cyber security vulnerabilities and initiatives in Malaysia maritime industry. Journal of Maritime Research, v. 19, n. 3, p. 89-95, 2022.

Othman, A.; El-Gazzar, S.; Knez, M. A framework for adopting a sustainable smart sea port index. Sustainability, v. 14, n. 8, 4551, 2022. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14084551

Paavola, R.; Hallikainen, P.; Elbanna, A. Role of middle managers in modular digital transformation: The case of Servu. Proceedings of the 25th European Conference on Information Systems (ECIS), Guimarães, Portugal, p. 887-903, 2017.

Philipp, R.; Prause, G.; Olaniyi, E. O.; Lemke, F. Towards green and smart seaports: Renewable energy and automation technologies for bulk cargo loading operations. Environmental and Climate Technologies, v. 25, n. 1, p. 650-665, 2021. https://doi.org/10.2478/rtuect-2021-0049

Ribeiro, P. C. C.; Fraga, N. C.; Clarkson, C. T. Gestão de portos brasileiros e do BRICS: uma análise comparativa sobre seus problemas logísticos e a resolução por meio da tecnologia de informação. Exacta - Engenharia de Produção, v. 15, n. 2, p. 335-352, 2017. https://doi.org/10.5585/ExactaEP.v15n2.6833

Rodrigo González, A.; González-Cancelas, N.; Molina Serrano, B.; Orive, A. C. Preparation of a smart port indicator and calculation of a ranking for the Spanish port system. Logistics, n. 4, n. 2, 9, 2020. https://doi.org/10.3390/logistics4020009

Sahu, S. P.; Saragiotis, P.; Ollivier, P. (Eds.). Port community systems lessons from global experience. Washington: The World Bank, 2023. Available from: <https://thedocs.worldbank.org/en/doc/68e8007a36a64995a1d299069ffd7852-0430012023/original/Port-Community-System-Conference-Edition.pdf>. Accessed on: Jan. 24, 2024.

Tranfield, D.; Denyer, D.; Smart, P. Towards a methodology for developing evidence-informed management knowledge by means of systematic review. British Journal of Management, v. 14, n. 3, p. 207-222, 2003. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8551.00375

Tsolakis, N.; Niedenzu, D.; Simonetto, M.; Dora, M.; Kumar, M. Supply network design to address United Nations sustainable development goals: A case study of blockchain implementation in Thai fish industry. Journal of Business Research, v. 131, p. 495-519, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2020.08.003

Wang, K.; Hu, Q.; Zhou, M.; Zun, Z.; Xinming Qian, X. Multi-aspect applications and development challenges of digital twin-driven management in global smart ports. Case Studies on Transport Policy, v. 9, n. 3, p. 1298-1312, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cstp.2021.06.014

Westerman, G.; Bonnet, D.; McAfee, A. The nine elements of digital transformation. MIT Sloan Management Review, 2014. Available from: <https://sloanreview.mit.edu/article/ the-nine-elements-of-digital-transformation/>. Accessed on: Jan. 24, 2024.

Xiao, Y.; Chen, Z.; McNeil, L. Digital empowerment for shipping development: a framework for establishing a smart shipping index system. Maritime Policy & Management, v. 49, n. 6, p. 850-863, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1080/03088839.2021.1894364

Yau, K.-L. A.; Peng, S.; Qadir, J.; Low, Y.-C.; Ling, M. H. Towards smart port infrastructures: Enhancing port activities using information and communications technology. IEEE Access, v. 8, p. 83387-83404, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2020.2990961


 

ISSN 2359-1412